Dynamic shared forward link channel for a wireless communication system

ABSTRACT

A dynamic shared forward link channel (or “data” channel) is used to send multicast data to a group of wireless devices, e.g., using a common long code mask for the data channel. Reference power control (PC) bits are also sent on the data channel and used for signal quality estimation. A shared forward link control channel is used to send user-specific signaling to individual wireless devices, e.g., using time division multiplexing (TDM) and a unique long code mask for each wireless device. A shared forward link indicator channel is used to send reverse link (RL) PC bits to the wireless devices, e.g., using TDM. The data channel is jointly power controlled by all wireless devices receiving the data channel. The control and indicator channels are individually power controlled by each wireless device such that the signaling and RL PC bits sent on these channels for the wireless device are reliably received.

CLAIM OF PRIORITY UNDER 35 U.S.C. §119

The present application for patent claims priority to ProvisionalApplication Ser. No. 60/486,838, entitled “Method and Apparatus for aDynamic Shared Forward Link Channel in a Wireless Communication System,”filed Jul. 11, 2003, and Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/496,305,entitled “Method and Apparatus for a Dynamic Shared Forward Link Channelin a Wireless Communication System,” filed Aug. 18, 2003, both assignedto the assignee hereof and hereby expressly incorporated by referenceherein.

BACKGROUND

I. Field

The present invention relates generally to communication systems, andmore specifically to a dynamic shared forward link channel for awireless communication system.

II. Background

A wireless communication system may provide unicast, multicast, and/orbroadcast services. A unicast service provides point-to-pointcommunication between at least one base station and a specific wirelessdevice. A multicast service provides point-to-multipoint communicationbetween at least one base station and a group of wireless devices. Abroadcast service provides point-to-multipoint communication between atleast one base station and all wireless devices within a designatedcoverage area.

Unicast, multicast, and broadcast services are used for differentapplications and have different requirements. Unicast services arecommonly used for voice and packet data calls and typically requirededicated system resources (e.g., traffic channels) for both the forwardlink and reverse link in order to facilitate two-way communication. Theforward link (or downlink) refers to the communication link from basestations to wireless devices, and the reverse link (or uplink) refers tothe communication link from the wireless devices to the base stations.Broadcast services are often used to send broadcast-data to all wirelessdevices in a designated coverage area. Broadcast data may be efficientlysent on a single broadcast channel, and control information for thebroadcast channel may be sent on an associated control channel. Sincebroadcast services typically provide one-way communication, little or nosystem resources may be required for the reverse link.

Multicast services may be used to send multicast data from at least onebase station to a specific group of wireless devices. Multicast data istraffic data of interest to multiple wireless devices and may be forcontent such as voice, news, weather, movies, sporting events, and soon. A multicast service may support two-way communication between the atleast one base station and the wireless devices, although the bulk ofthe transmission may be on the forward link. A multicast service may beimplemented by sending the same multicast data to individual wirelessdevices via separate forward link channels. However, the redundanttransmission of the multicast data on multiple forward link channels bythe same base station consumes system resources and limits the number ofwireless devices that may be supported by the multicast service.

There is therefore a need in the art for techniques to more efficientlyprovide multicast service in a wireless communication system.

SUMMARY

Techniques for efficiently providing multicast service using a dynamicshared forward link (FL) channel are described herein. As used herein, a“shared” channel is one that may be received by multiple wirelessdevices, and a “dedicated” channel is one that is used for a specificwireless device.

The dynamic shared forward link channel, which is a shared forward linkdata channel (or simply, a “data” channel), is used to send multicastdata to a group of wireless devices. The multicast data may be sent,e.g., using a scrambling/long code generated based on a common long codemask for the data channel. To facilitate power control of the datachannel, reference power control (PC) bits of a known value may be senton the data channel and used for signal quality estimation by thewireless devices. A shared forward link control channel (or simply, a“control” channel) may be used to send user-specific signaling (e.g.,for basic call operation and other purposes) to individual wirelessdevices. User-specific signaling for all wireless devices may be sent,e.g., using time division multiplexing (TDM). The signaling for eachwireless device may be sent, e.g., using a scrambling/long codegenerated based on a unique long code mask for the wireless device. Ashared forward link indicator channel (or simply, an “indicator”channel) may be used to send reverse link (RL) PC bits to the wirelessdevices (e.g., using TDM). RL PC bits are sent to each wireless deviceand are used to adjust the transmit power of the wireless device for thereverse link.

Each wireless device receiving the multicast service may maintain areverse link connection with one or more base stations in order tofacilitate “dynamic” coverage for the multicast service, support powercontrol, and reduce communication delay. The dynamic coverage means thatthe wireless device can receive the multicast service even if the devicemoves about the system. Each wireless device may transmit a pilot and FLPC bits on a reverse link pilot channel. The FL PC bits are sent to theone or more base stations and are used to adjust the transmit power ofthe forward link channels. Each wireless device may also transmit dataand/or signaling on a reverse link data channel and/or a reverse linkcontrol channel as needed.

The shared forward link data channel may be jointly power controlled bythe wireless devices to achieve good performance for all wirelessdevices while reducing transmit power and interference. Each wirelessdevice may estimate the received signal quality for the data channelbased on the reference PC bits sent on the data channel, generate FL PCbits for the data channel based on the received signal quality estimate,and send these FL PC bits on a primary reverse power control subchannelto one or more base stations. Each base station adjusts the transmitpower for the data channel based on the FL PC bits received from allwireless devices for the data channel.

The control and indicator channels may be power controlled by individualwireless devices to achieve good performance for each wireless device.Each wireless device may estimate the received signal quality for thecontrol channel based on the RL PC bits sent to the wireless device onthe indicator channel, generate FL PC bits for the control and indicatorchannels based on the received signal quality estimate, and send theseFL PC bits on a secondary reverse power control subchannel to one ormore base stations. Each base station adjusts the transmit powers of thecontrol and indicator channels for each wireless device based on the FLPC bits received from that wireless device for these channels.

Techniques for performing soft and hard handoffs to facilitate dynamiccoverage are described below. Other embodiments for providing multicastservice as well as various aspects and embodiments of the invention arealso described below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a wireless communication system;

FIG. 2 shows a set of forward link channels used to provide multicastservice;

FIG. 3 shows transmission of the reference PC bits on an F-FCH;

FIG. 4 shows a set of reverse link channels used for each wirelessdevice;

FIGS. 5A and 5B show two reverse power control subchannels of an R-PICH;

FIG. 6 shows a process for providing multicast service by a basestation;

FIG. 7 shows a process for receiving multicast service by a wirelessdevice;

FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of the base station and the wirelessdevice;

FIG. 9 shows a data processor for the F-FCH;

FIG. 10 shows a data processor for an F-DCCH;

FIG. 11 shows a data processor for an F-CPCCH; and

FIG. 12 shows a data processor for an R-PICH and an R-FCH.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example,instance, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein as“exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred oradvantageous over other embodiments.

FIG. 1 shows a wireless communication system 100 with a number of basestations 110 that provide communication services for a number ofwireless devices 120. A base station is generally a fixed station andmay also be referred to as a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node B,an access point, or some other terminology. A wireless device may befixed or mobile and may also be referred to as a mobile station (MS), amobile equipment (ME), a user equipment (UE), a user terminal, asubscriber unit, or some other terminology. The wireless devices may bedispersed throughout the system. A mobile switching center (MSC) 130provides coordination and control for the base stations. An MSC may alsobe referred to as a radio network controller (RNC) or some otherterminology.

System 100 may be a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system that mayimplement one or more CDMA standards such as IS-2000, IS-856, IS-95,Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA), and so on. System 100 may also be a TimeDivision Multiple Access (TDMA) system that may implement one or moreTDMA standards such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM).These standards are well known in the art. The techniques describedherein for providing multicast service using a dynamic shared forwardlink channel may be used for various wireless communication systems. Forclarity, these techniques are specifically described for an IS-2000system.

System 100 supports multicast service and is capable of transmittingmulticast data to a group of wireless devices in an efficient manner.Various schemes for providing multicast service are described below.Each multicast scheme has one or more of the following characteristics:

-   -   A shared forward link channel is used to send multicast data to        a group of wireless devices and may be jointly power controlled        by these wireless devices;    -   A shared or dedicated forward link channel is used to send        user-specific signaling to individual wireless devices;    -   Dynamic coverage of multicast service is provided for each        wireless device;    -   Each wireless device maintains a reverse link connection to        facilitate dynamic coverage, support power control, and reduce        communication delay; and    -   Power control is performed for the forward and reverse link        channels to achieve good performance while reducing transmit        power and interference.

Table 1 lists five exemplary schemes for providing multicast service.For these schemes, multicast data may be sent on a Forward FundamentalChannel (F-FCH) or a Forward Supplemental Channel (F-SCH). The F-FCH andF-SCH are different embodiments of the dynamic shared forward linkchannel. The F-FCH may also be called a Forward Multicast FundamentalChannel (F-MFCH) or some other terminology. User-specific signaling forthe wireless devices may be sent on the F-FCH, a Forward DedicatedControl Channel (F-DCCH), a Forward Packet Data Channel (F-PDCH), or aForward Common Control Channel (F-CCCH). RL PC information to adjust thetransmit power of the wireless devices may be sent on a Forward CommonPower Control Channel (F-CPCCH), which is carried by a Forward IndicatorControl Channel (F-ICCH). User-specific signaling and RL PC informationfor each wireless device may also be sent on a dedicated F-DCCH assignedto that wireless device. For simplicity, the forward link channels areshared channels in the following description, unless otherwise noted.The forward link and reverse link channels for IS-2000 are described ina document 3GPP2 C.S0002-D, entitled “Physical Layer Standard forcdma2000 Spread Spectrum Systems Revision D,” Version 1.0, dated Feb.13, 2004, which is publicly available and hereinafter referred to as the“C.S0002D” document. The five multicast schemes in Table 1 are describedin further detail below.

TABLE 1 Multicast Common User-Specific User-Specific Scheme MulticastData Signaling PC Information 1 F-FCH F-DCCH F-CPCCH 2 F-FCH F-FCHF-CPCCH 3 F-FCH dedicated F-DCCH dedicated F-DCCH 4 F-SCH F-CCCH none 5F-FCH F-PDCH F-CPCCH

1. Multicast Scheme 1: F-FCH, F-DCCH, and F-CPCCH

FIG. 2 shows the forward link channels used to provide multicast servicein multicast scheme 1. The forward link channels include an F-FCH, atleast one F-DCCH, and at least one F-CPCCH. The F-FCH is used to sendmulticast data to the wireless devices. The F-DCCH(s) are used to senduser-specific signaling to the wireless devices in a TDM manner. TheF-DCCH(s) may carry (1) signaling related to registration with thesystem, basic call operation, and so on, (2) pages for the wirelessdevices, and (3) messages to handoff, continue, or end a call. TheF-CPCCH(s) are used to send RL PC information to the wireless devices.

The forward and reverse link channels carry data in frames. A frame is apredetermined time interval for a given forward/reverse link channel.Each forward/reverse link channel may utilize one or multiple framesizes. Different forward/reverse link channels may utilize the same ordifferent frame sizes.

The F-FCH may carry multicast data using one or more frame sizes (e.g.,20 msec and/or 5 msec). The frame size(s) for the F-FCH may beconfigured at the start of a call and may dynamically change from frameto frame. The F-FCH may carry multicast data at “variable” data ratessuch as, e.g., 9600, 4800, 2700, 1500, and so on, bits per second (bps).The F-FCH is also associated with a common long code mask (LCM) used togenerate a long code for scrambling the multicast data. The wirelessdevices are aware of the common long code mask for the F-FCH and canperform the complementary descrambling to recover the multicast data.

Although not shown in FIG. 2 and not listed in Table 1 for clarity, oneor multiple F-SCHs may also be used to carry multicast data and may beshared in the same manner as the F-FCH. Each F-SCH may be transmitted inthe manner described in IS-2000.

Each F-DCCH may carry signaling using one or more frame sizes (e.g., 20msec and/or 5 msec) that may dynamically change from frame to frame, asshown in FIG. 2. Each F-DCCH may also support discontinuous transmission(DTX), which means that no data may be sent on the F-DCCH in a givenframe. The decision to transmit or not transmit on the F-DCCH may bemade on a frame-by-frame basis, for example, based on whether there isany signaling to send.

One or multiple F-DCCHs may be used for the multicast service dependingon the number of wireless devices receiving the multicast service and/orother factors. One F-DCCH may be used if a small group of wirelessdevices is receiving the multicast service. Additional F-DCCHs may beadded if and as more wireless devices join the multicast service.Conversely, F-DCCHs may be taken down if not needed any more to supportthe multicast service. Each F-DCCH may carry signaling for all or asubset of the wireless devices. Each wireless device may be assigned toone F-DCCH. In this case, signaling for each wireless device may be senton the assigned F-DCCH whenever the signaling becomes available andbased on the availability of the F-DCCH. A wireless device may also beassigned to multiple F-DCCHs on which the device can receive signaling.In this case, signaling for the wireless device may be sent on any oneof the assigned F-DCCHs, which can reduce delay to send the signaling tothe wireless device. Each wireless device is associated with a uniquelong code mask. The signaling for each wireless device may be scrambledwith a long code generated using the device's unique long code mask andmay be descrambled by that wireless device.

Various radio configurations may be used for the F-FCH and F-DCCH. Eachradio configuration is associated with specific physical layerparameters such as data rates, modulation characteristics, and spreadingrate. The parameters for each radio configuration are described in theaforementioned C.S0002-D document.

One or multiple F-CPCCH may be used for the multicast service dependingon the number of wireless devices receiving the multicast service. Asingle F-CPCCH may be used initially, and additional F-CPCCHs may beadded as more wireless devices join the multicast service. Multiplewireless devices may be assigned to each F-CPCCH.

Each F-CPCCH carries one forward power control subchannel for eachwireless device assigned to that F-CPCCH. Each forward power controlsubchannel carries RL PC bits for the assigned wireless device at one ofmultiple possible rates (e.g., 800, 400, and 200 bps). Each F-CPCCHcarries RL PC bits for its assigned wireless devices using a fixed framesize (e.g., 10 msec). For each frame, each F-CPCCH carries the RL PCbits for all assigned wireless devices in a TDM manner and atpseudo-random positions determined based on the common long code mask,as described below. For simplicity, the following description assumesthat one F-DCCH and one F-CPCCH are used for the multicast service.

Each forward link channel is associated with a different Walsh functionor quasi-orthogonal function (QOF) that is used to “cover” the data senton that forward link channel. Covering is a process whereby a givenmodulation symbol (or a set of L modulation symbols with the same value)is multiplied by all L chips of a period of L-chip long Walsh functionto obtain L covered symbols, which are transmitted. Decovering is acomplementary process whereby received symbols are multiplied by the Lchips of the same L-chip Walsh function to obtain L decovered symbols,which are accumulated to obtain an estimate of the transmittedmodulation symbol. The covering achieves orthogonality among multipleforward link channels sent simultaneously. This covering is sometimesreferred to as “channelizing.”

Each wireless device is informed of various parameters for the F-FCH aswell as the F-DCCH and F-CPCCH to which the device has been assigned.For example, each wireless device may be informed of the Walsh functionsfor the F-FCH, F-DCCH, and F-CPCCH, the data rates for the forward linkchannels, the common long code mask for the F-FCH and F-CPCCH, theunique long code mask for the wireless device, the forward power controlsubchannel assigned to the wireless device for the F-CPCCH, and so on.The unique long code mask for each wireless device may be computed in adeterministic manner (e.g., based on a unique serial number of thewireless device) or may be assigned by a base station.

The transmit powers for the F-FCH, F-DCCH, and F-CPCCH may be adjustedto achieve good performance for all wireless devices receiving themulticast service.

Since the F-FCH is sent to all wireless devices, the transmit power forthe F-FCH may be adjusted such that even the wireless device with theworst channel condition (e.g., the largest sum of path loss and requiredenergy-per-bit-to-total-noise-and-interference ratio (Eb/Nt)) canreliably receive the F-FCH. The transmit power for the F-FCH may thus bejointly adjusted by all wireless devices. Signaling and RL PC bits aresent to individual wireless devices on the F-DCCH and F-CPCCH,respectively. The transmit powers for the F-DCCH and F-CPCCH may beadjusted for each wireless device such that the signaling and RL PC bitscan be reliably received by the wireless device.

Reference PC bits (or simply, reference bits) may be sent on the F-FCHto facilitate power control of the F-FCH. The wireless devices mayestimate the received signal quality of the F-FCH based on the referencePC bits and other FL conditions and then generate FL PC bits for theF-FCH accordingly.

FIG. 3 shows transmission of the reference PC bits on the F-FCH. TheF-FCH may be configured to carry a forward power control subchannel. Ifthe F-FCH is used as a dedicated channel to send data to a specificwireless device for a unicast service, then the forward power controlsubchannel carries RL PC bits used to adjust the transmit power of thiswireless device. However, if the F-FCH is used as a shared channel for amulticast service, then the single forward power control subchannel onthe F-FCH typically cannot carry the RL PC bits for all wireless devicesreceiving the multicast service. To do so would require (1) reduced RLPC feedback rates, which reduces the effectiveness of RL PC, (2)additional puncturing of the F-FCH and thus lowered forward errorcorrection (FEC) coding gain for the F-FCH in order to accommodate theadditional RL PC bits, or (3) both of the above. The RL PC bits forthese wireless devices may be sent on the F-CPCCH instead. The PC bitsfor the forward power control subchannel of the F-FCH may be set to aknown value (e.g., all ‘1s’) and used as reference PC bits.

As shown in FIG. 3, each 20 msec frame on the F-FCH may be partitionedinto 16 power control groups that are given indices of 0 through 15.Each power control group has a duration of 1.25 msec and carries onereference PC bit. The reference PC bit for each power control group ispunctured in and replaces a certain number of modulation symbols thatwould have been sent on the F-FCH in that power control group. Thelocation of the reference PC bit for each power control group ispseudo-random and determined by the common long code mask for the F-FCH.The reference PC bits are transmitted at a power level that a fixedoffset from the transmit power level for the multicast data sent on theF-FCH. The reference PC bits may thus be used for forward link powercontrol of the F-FCH, as described below.

FIG. 4 shows the reverse link channels for each wireless devicereceiving the multicast service. The reverse link channels include aReverse Fundamental Channel (R-FCH) and a Reverse Pilot Channel(R-PICH). An R-DCCH may also be used in place of, or in addition to, theR-FCH. The wireless device uses the R-FCH and/or R-DCCH to send data andsignaling to the system. The transmission characteristics may differ forthe R-FCH and R-DCCH. For example, the R-FCH may be transmitted in eachframe but at a variable rate, whereas the R-DCCH may or may not betransmitted in any given frame but may be sent at a fixed (e.g., full)rate if transmitted. For simplicity, the following description is theR-FCH, although much of the description may also apply to the R-DCCH.The wireless device uses the R-PICH to send a pilot on the reverse linkand to send FL PC bits used to adjust the transmit powers of the forwardlink channels.

The R-FCH may carry data using one or more frame sizes (e.g., 20 msecand/or 5 msec). The R-FCH may carry data at variable data rates. TheR-FCH may support gated transmission whereby data is sent 50% of thetime in each frame on eight of the 16 power control groups. The R-FCHmay also support discontinuous transmission so that the R-FCH is onlyactive whenever there is data to send and inactive otherwise.

For multicast service, the R-PICH also carries a reverse power controlsubchannel that is multiplexed with the reverse link pilot. Each 20-msecsegment on the R-PICH is partitioned into 16 power control groups, andeach power control group is further partitioned into four quarters. Thereverse link pilot is sent in the first thee quarters of each powercontrol group. An FL PC bit is sent in the fourth quarter of each powercontrol group. The R-PICH may also be gated in similar manner as theR-FCH. The R-FCH and R-PICH may both be gated off at the same time,which allows the wireless device to turn off its power amplifier inorder to conserve battery power when not transmitting.

By maintaining an active reverse link connection for each wirelessdevice receiving the multicast service, the location of the wirelessdevice may be ascertained and the coverage for the multicast service maybe dynamically tailored for the wireless device. A given base stationmay start and end the multicast service based on the reported locationsof the wireless devices receiving the multicast service, as well aswireless devices requesting such service. The reverse link connectionalso provides power control feedback used to adjust the transmit powersof the F-FCH, F-DCCH, F-SCH (if transmitted), and F-CPCCH.

The reverse link connection for a given wireless device receiving themulticast service may be taken down (or terminated) for various reasons.For example, if the wireless device has not sent signaling on the R-FCHor FL PC bits on the R-PICH for a predetermined amount of time, then itsreverse link connection may be taken down. As another example, if thenumber of wireless devices receiving the multicast service exceeds apredetermined number, then power control may be disabled for the F-FCHand the reverse link connection for each wireless device may be takendown to conserve reverse link resources and battery power at thewireless devices. The reverse link connection for a wireless device maybe taken down in one or multiple stages. For example, the wirelessdevice may transition from a normal operating mode to a gated mode aftera first time period, and then to an idle mode after a second timeperiod. The first and/or second time periods may be pre-defined or maybe determined by the system and sent to the wireless devices. In thegated mode, the wireless device may send FL PC bits at a reduced rate(e.g., 400 or 200 bps) and may also receive RL PC bits at a reducedrate. In the idle mode, the wireless device may disable transmission onthe R-PICH and R-FCH and may use a Reverse Access Channel (R-ACH) or aReverse Enhanced Access Channel (R-EACH) to send signaling on thereverse link.

A. Forward Link Power Control

Forward link power control may be performed in various manners formulticast service. In an embodiment, the transmit power for the F-FCH isjointly adjusted by all wireless devices receiving the multicastservice. Joint power control of the F-FCH can ensure that all wirelessdevices can reliably receive the F-FCH. In an embodiment, the transmitpowers for the F-DCCH and F-CPCCH for each wireless device are adjustedby that wireless device. Individual power control of the F-DCCH andF-CPCCH can ensure that each wireless device can reliably receive itssignaling and RL PC bits while consuming as little transmit power aspossible. The F-DCCH and F-CPCCH may also be jointly power controlled,similar to the F-FCH. However, these channels are used in atime-division multiplexing fashion to individually address specificwireless devices at any given time, so there is no need to provide morepower than is necessary for the specific wireless devices being targetedat the moment. Furthermore, joint power control of the F-DCCH andF-CPCCH by the set of wireless devices receiving multicast serviceswould likely result in the transmit powers for these forward linkchannels being set to high levels by one or few wireless devices withpoor channel conditions.

FIG. 5A shows the partitioning of the reverse power control subchannelon the R-PICH into a 400 bps primary reverse power control subchannel(which is also called substream 1) and a 400 bps secondary reverse powercontrol subchannel (which is also called substream 2). It should benoted that FIGS. 5A and 5B only illustrate the grouping of the PC bitsinto these two subchannels rather than showing the actual duration ofthe bits. The reverse power control subchannel on the R-PICH has a rateof 800 bps. For FPC_MODE_(S)=‘001’ in IS-2000, the primary reverse powercontrol subchannel carries FL PC bits in eight power control groups witheven indices, and the secondary reverse power control subchannel carriesFL PC bits in eight power control groups with odd indices.

FIG. 5B shows the partitioning of the reverse power control subchannelinto a 200 bps primary reverse power control subchannel and a 600 bpssecondary reverse power control subchannel for FPC_MODE_(S)=‘010’ inIS-2000. The primary reverse power control subchannel carries PC bits infour power control groups, and the secondary reverse power controlsubchannel carries FL PC bits in twelve power control groups.

The secondary reverse power control subchannel may carry FL PC bits forthe F-FCH and may be sent at, e.g., 600 or 400 bps. The primary reversepower control subchannel may carry FL PC bits for both the F-DCCH andF-CPCCH and may be sent at, e.g., 600 or 400 bps. Alternatively, theprimary reverse power control subchannel may carry the FL PC bits forthe F-FCH and the reverse power control subchannel may carry the FL PCbits for the F-DCCH and the F-CPCCH. The FL PC bits for the F-FCH andthe F-DCCH/F-CPCCH may also be sent at other bit rates. A mode may bedefined to indicate that the primary and secondary reverse power controlsubchannels are for the F-FCH and F-DCCH, respectively.

A wireless device may perform power control of the F-FCH using a powercontrol mechanism that comprises an inner loop and an outer loop. Forthe inner loop, the wireless device receives the reference PC bits onthe forward power control subchannel of the F-FCH and estimates thereceived signal quality of each reference PC bit. The received signalquality may be quantified by anenergy-per-bit-to-total-noise-and-interference ratio (Eb/Nt) or someother quantity. The wireless device may filter the received signalquality estimates for multiple reference PC bits to obtain a morereliable estimate. The wireless device then compares the filtered orunfiltered received signal quality estimate for the current powercontrol group against a signal quality threshold, which is also calledan F-FCH setpoint. The wireless device may set the FL PC bit for theF-FCH for the current power control group to ‘0’ if the received signalquality estimate is lower than the F-FCH setpoint and to ‘1’ otherwise.A ‘0’ value indicates that the received signal quality is not sufficientand requests an increase in transmit power for the F-FCH. A ‘1’ valueindicates that the received signal quality is more than sufficient andrequests a decrease in transmit power for the F-FCH.

For the outer loop, the wireless device receives the multicast data senton the F-FCH, decodes the received multicast data for each frame, anddetermines whether each received frame is decoded correctly (good) or inerror (erased). The wireless device may decrease the F-FCH setpoint by asmall down step for each good frame and increase the F-FCH setpoint by alarge up step for each erased frame. The up and down step sizes aretypically selected to achieve a desired level of performance for theF-FCH, which may be quantified by a target frame erasure rate (e.g., 1%FER).

The F-FCH setpoint may also be fixed, in which case the outer loop isdisabled for the F-FCH. The F-FCH setpoint may also be restricted to beat or above a given minimum F-FCH setpoint. The minimum F-FCH setpointmay be set to a level that ensures that erasures do not unnecessarilyoccur when the wireless device moves to the edge of coverage. A basestation may specify the initial, minimum, and/or maximum values for theF-FCH setpoint and may send these values to the wireless devices.

Each base station receives FL PC bits for the F-FCH from all wirelessdevices receiving the multicast service from that base station. Sincethe F-FCH is sent to all wireless devices, the base station may adjustthe transmit power for the F-FCH based on the FL PC bits received fromall wireless devices. For each power control group, the base stationdetermines whether the FL PC bit received from each wireless device is‘0’ or ‘1’. The base station then combines the detected FL PC bits forall wireless devices to obtain a PC decision for the power controlgroup. For example, the base station may apply an OR-of-the-UP rule andset the PC decision to ‘0’ (for higher transmit power) if the detectedFL PC bit for any wireless device is ‘0’ and set the PC decision to ‘1’(for lower transmit power) if the detected FL PC bits for all wirelessdevices are ‘1’.

The benefits of power control for the F-FCH diminish as the number ofwireless devices receiving the multicast service increases. This is dueto several factors. First, the likelihood of at least one wirelessdevice requiring high transmit power level (e.g., located at the edge ofcoverage and having poor channel conditions) increases with greaternumber of wireless devices. Consequently, the transmit power for theF-FCH is more likely to be set to a high power level with more wirelessdevices. Second, the likelihood of receiving the FL PC bits from allwireless devices correctly decreases as the number of wireless devicesincreases. With the OR-of-the-UP rule, an erroneous detection of any FLPC bit as ‘0’ or “UP” results in the transmit power for the F-FCH beingincreased. Third, more reverse link capacity is consumed to transmit theFL PC bits for the F-FCH with more wireless devices. Power control maythus be selectively performed for the F-FCH based on one or morecriteria such as, e.g., the number of wireless devices receiving themulticast service. For example, power control may be enabled for theF-FCH if the number of wireless devices is below a predetermined numberand disabled otherwise.

The transmit power for the F-DCCH for each wireless device may beadjusted based on power control, as described below. The transmit powerfor the F-CPCCH for each wireless device may be set based on thetransmit power for the F-DCCH for the wireless device. For example, fora given wireless device, a difference or delta between the transmitpower for the F-DCCH and the transmit power for the F-CPCCH may be setby a base station and sent to the wireless device. The transmit powersfor the F-DCCH and F-CPCCH may be set in a manner to account for thedifference in data rates for the F-DCCH and F-CPCCH.

A wireless device may perform power control of the F-DCCH using anotherset of inner loop and outer loop. For the inner loop, the wirelessdevice receives the RL PC bits sent on the F-CPCCH for the wirelessdevice and estimates the received signal quality of each RL PC bit. Thewireless device may filter the received signal quality estimates formultiple RL PC bits to obtain a more reliable estimate. The wirelessdevice may estimate the received signal quality for the F-DCCH based onthe filtered or unfiltered received signal quality estimate for the RLPC bits and the power delta. The received signal quality for the F-CPCCHis thus used as a proxy for the received signal quality for the F-DCCH.The wireless device then compares the received signal quality estimatefor the F-DCCH for the current power control group against an F-DCCHsetpoint. The wireless device then sets the FL PC bit for the F-DCCH forthe current power control group to ‘0’ if the received signal qualityestimate is lower than the F-DCCH setpoint and to ‘1’ otherwise. A ‘0’value indicates that the received signal quality for the F-DCCH is notsufficient and requests an increase in transmit powers for the F-DCCHand F-CPCCH. A ‘1’ value indicates that the received signal quality forthe F-DCCH is more than sufficient and requests a decrease in transmitpowers for the F-DCCH and F-CPCCH.

For the outer loop, the wireless device receives user-specific signalingsent to the wireless device on the F-DCCH, decodes the signaling sent ineach frame, and determines whether each frame is decoded correctly or inerror. The wireless device may decrease the F-DCCH setpoint by a smalldown step for each good frame and increase the F-DCCH setpoint by alarge up step for each erased frame. The up and down step sizes areselected to achieve a desired level of performance for the F-DCCH (e.g.,1% FER). The F-DCCH setpoint may be constrained to be within a range ofvalues.

The wireless devices may also perform power control of the F-FCH,F-DCCH, and F-CPCCH for multicast service in other manners. For example,the primary and secondary reverse power control subchannels may be usedto carry 400 bps and 50 bps feedback, respectively. The 50 bps feedbackmay inform the base station whether or not the wireless device hascorrectly received a 20-ms frame on the F-FCH. The 400 bps feedback maybe for continuous adjustment of the F-CPCCH and F-DCCH transmit powerlevels.

B. Dynamic Coverage and Soft Handoff

Each base station provides communication coverage for a respectivegeographic area. The coverage areas of neighboring base stationstypically overlap to allow a wireless device to be handed off from onebase station to another base station as the wireless device moves aboutthe system.

The system may provide dynamic coverage for multicast service. Eachwireless device attempts to receive multicast service from the bestpossible base station(s). The wireless device may periodically searchfor pilots transmitted by nearby base stations and measure the signalstrength of each pilot that the device finds. The wireless device mayalso periodically measure the signal strength of the pilot from eachbase station with which the device is currently receiving the multicastservice. The wireless device may maintain an “active” set that containsall base stations from which the wireless device is currently receivingthe multicast service. The wireless device may try to add a new basestation to the active set if the measured pilot signal strength for thenew base station exceeds an add threshold. To add the new base station,the wireless device may transmit signaling (e.g., a Pilot StrengthMeasurement message) on the R-FCH to the current base station. Thecurrent base station may transmit signaling (e.g., a Channel Assignmentmessage, a Handoff Direction message, and so on) on the F-DCCH to thewireless device. This signaling contains all information needed by thewireless device to communicate with a new set of base stations. Thewireless device may also drop an existing base station from the activeset if the measured pilot signal strength for the base station fallsbelow a drop threshold. The active set for multicast service may bemaintained in the same manner as for other services supported by thesystem.

In general, a wireless device may maintain a different active set foreach service being received by the wireless device. For example, thewireless device may maintain one active set for the multicast serviceand another active set for another service (e.g., for a voice or packetdata call). The following description is for the active set maintainedfor the multicast service.

The group of wireless devices receiving the multicast service may belocated in the same cell or different cells. Each wireless device in thegroup may maintain a respective active set that contains all basestations from which the wireless device is receiving the multicastservice. The wireless devices may have the same active set or differentoverlapping active sets for the multicast service. The active sets areoverlapping if at least one base station is common to the active setsfor multiple ones of the wireless devices receiving the multicastservice. For each wireless device, each base station in the device'sactive set transmits common multicast data on the F-FCH, user-specificsignaling on the F-DCCH, and RL PC bits on the F-CPCCH to the wirelessdevice.

A wireless device is in soft handoff for the multicast service if itsactive set contains multiple sectors that belong to one or more basestations. While in soft handoff, the multiple sectors transmit the samemulticast data via different F-FCHs used by these sectors for themulticast service. The wireless device may receive and combine themulticast data from all sectors in the active set to obtain improvedperformance. The multiple sectors may also send the same user-specificsignaling to the wireless device via different F-DCCHs used by thesesectors for the multicast service. The multiple sectors may coordinatethe transmissions of the user-specific signaling so that each message issent simultaneously from all sectors. This allows the wireless device toreceive and combine messages from all sectors for improved performance.The multiple base stations may (e.g., periodically) perform transmitpower balancing/alignment to adjust the transmit powers for the sharedforward link channels toward a common level. The use of balancedtransmit powers by all sectors transmitting the same content may enhancediversity and improve link efficiency.

When there are multiple base stations in the active set in soft handoff,each base station in the active set may transmit a separate forwardpower control subchannel to adjust the transmit power of the wirelessdevice for the reverse link. Each base station generates RL PC bits forthe wireless device based on received signal quality measurements madeby that base station for the wireless device. For each power controlgroup, the wireless device can detect the RL PC bits received from allbase stations in the active set and adjust its transmit poweraccordingly. The wireless device may apply an OR-of-the-DOWN rule anddecrease its transmit power if any detected RL PC bit for the currentpower control group is ‘1’ (to decrease transmit power) and increase itstransmit power if all detected RL PC bits for the current power controlgroup are ‘0’ (to increase transmit power).

All base stations in the system may support shared forward link channels(the F-FCH, F-DCCH, and F-CPCCH) for multicast service. In this case, awireless device may perform a soft handoff in a normal manner usingconventional soft handoff procedures. The wireless device is informed ofall pertinent parameters (e.g., the common long code mask, Walshfunctions, and so on) used for the shared forward link channels by eachbase station in the active set.

The system may have some base stations that support the shared forwardlink channels and some “legacy” base stations that do not support theshared forward link channels. A legacy base station may use a dedicatedF-FCH to support multicast service for a wireless device. The legacybase station may transmit multicast data on the dedicated F-FCH usingthe unique long code mask for the wireless device, the common long codemask used for the shared F-FCH by another base station, or some otherlong code mask. The legacy base station may also transmit RL PC bits forthe wireless device (instead of reference PC bits) on the forward powercontrol subchannel of the dedicated F-FCH. The base station may senduser-specific signaling on a dedicated F-DCCH to the wireless device.

A wireless device may perform a soft handoff or a hard handoff from afirst base station that supports the shared forward link channels to asecond (legacy) base station that does not support the shared forwardlink channels. A soft handoff may be performed by assigning the wirelessdevice with dedicated forward link channels by both base stations. Forexample, the wireless device may originally receive multicast data on ashared F-FCH (e.g., with Walsh function of 17) from the first basestation. For soft handoff, the wireless device may continue to receivemulticast data on a first dedicated F-FCH (e.g., with Walsh function of19) from the first base station and on a second dedicated F-FCH (e.g.,with Walsh function 20) from the second base station. A hard handoff maybe performed by first moving the wireless device to dedicated forwardlink channels by the first base station and then performing the hardhandoff to the second base station using conventional hard handoffprocedures. If the wireless device thereafter moves back into thecoverage area of the first base station, then the wireless device mayperform a handoff to the first base station and receive multicastservice on the shared forward link channels.

A wireless device may also concurrently receive multicast service viashared and dedicated F-FCHs from multiple base stations for softhandoff. The wireless device may go from receiving multicast data ononly a shared F-FCH to receiving multicast data on both shared anddedicated F-FCHs. In this case, the initial transmit power of thededicated F-FCH (which is being added) may be set by the transmit powerof the shared F-FCH. The wireless device may also go from receivingmulticast data on only a dedicated F-FCH to receiving multicast data onboth shared and dedicated F-FCHs. In this case, the initial transmitpower of the shared F-FCH (which is being added) may be set to thehigher of the transmit power of the shared F-FCH (which is already beingtransmitted to other wireless devices) and the transmit power of thededicated F-FCH.

If a wireless device is receiving both shared and dedicated F-FCHs,e.g., a shared F-FCH from one base station and a dedicated F-FCH fromanother base station, then the wireless device would receive a forwardpower control subchannel on the F-CPCCH from the base stationtransmitting the shared F-FCH and another forward power controlsubchannel on the dedicated F-FCH from the base station transmittingthis F-FCH. The transmit powers for these forward power controlsubchannels may be adjusted based on the FL PC bits sent on thesecondary power control subchannel by the wireless device. These FL PCbits may be derived (1) based on the reference PC bits sent on theshared F-FCH and the RL PC bits sent on the dedicated F-FCH and/or (2)applying the OR-of-the-UP rule on the measurements for the two basestations to derive the FL PC bits for these base stations. The transmitpower for the forward power control subchannel of the dedicated F-FCHmay also be adjusted in conjunction with the transmit power for thededicated F-FCH.

A wireless device typically employs a rake receiver to process multiplesignal instances received from one or more base stations. Each signalinstance of sufficient energy is assigned to and processed by ademodulation element (or a “finger”)of the rake receiver to obtainsymbol estimates. The symbol estimates from all assigned fingers arethen combined. The combined symbols are further descrambled with a longcode to obtain demodulated symbols, which are then decoded. If thesymbol estimates are first combined across fingers and then descrambled,then the same long code mask should be used by all base stations whosetransmissions are to be combined by the wireless device.

The same long code mask is typically used for the F-FCH and F-DCCH forunicast service. For multicast service, each wireless device is aware ofthe common long code mask used for the F-FCH and the unique long codemask used for the signaling on the F-DCCH. The wireless device may thendescramble the combined symbols for the F-FCH and F-DCCH based on thecommon and unique long code masks, respectively. For a wireless devicein soft handoff, the same long code mask is typically used by all basestations in the device's active set. This allows the wireless device tocombine the symbol estimates for all of these base stations. Thus, thesoft handoff and hard handoff may be performed in a manner to take intoaccount the combining and descrambling performed by the wireless device.

FIG. 6 shows a flow diagram of a process 600 performed by a base stationto provide multicast service for multicast scheme 1. The base stationtransmits multicast data and reference PC bits on the F-FCH using thecommon long code mask (block 612). The base station transmitsuser-specific signaling to the wireless devices on the F-DCCH using theunique long code masks for these wireless devices (block 614). The basestation also transmits RL PC bits for the wireless devices on theF-CPCCH at bit positions indicated by the common long code mask (block616). The base station receives pilot and FL PC bits from each wirelessdevice on the R-PICH (block 618) and receives data/signaling from eachwireless device on the R-FCH, as needed (block 620). The base stationadjusts the transmit power of the F-FCH based on the FL PC bits receivedon the primary power control subchannels from all wireless devices(block 622). The base station adjusts the transmit powers of the F-DCCHand F-CPCCH for each wireless device based on the FL PC bits received onthe secondary power control subchannel from the wireless device (block624).

FIG. 7 shows a flow diagram of a process 700 performed by a givenwireless device to receive multicast service for multicast scheme 1. Thewireless device receives multicast data and reference PC bits on theF-FCH using the common long code mask (block 712). The wireless devicereceives its signaling on the F-DCCH using the unique long code mask forthe wireless device (block 714). The wireless device also receives itsRL PC bits on the F-CPCCH at bit positions indicated by the common longcode mask (block 716). The wireless device generates FL PC bits for theF-FCH based on the reference PC bits received on the F-FCH (block 718).The wireless device also generates FL PC bits for the F-DCCH and F-CPCCHbased on the RL PC bits sent to the wireless device on the F-CPCCH(block 720). The wireless device transmits the FL PC bits for the F-FCHon the primary power control subchannel and the FL PC bits for theF-DCCH and F-CPCCH on the secondary power control subchannel of theR-PICH (block 722). The wireless device also transmits data/signaling asneeded on the R-FCH (block 724).

2. Multicast Scheme 2: F-FCH & F-CPCCH

Multicast scheme 2 provides multicast service using the shared F-FCH andF-CPCCH for the forward link and the R-FCH and R-PICH for each wirelessdevice for the reverse link. The F-FCH is used to send common multicastdata to all wireless devices as well as user-specific signaling toindividual wireless devices. This may be achieved by using the commonlong code mask for the multicast data and the unique long code masks forthe user-specific signaling. Each wireless device can recover themulticast data with the common long code mask and its own signalingusing its unique long code mask. The transmission on the F-FCH in eachframe may or may not be signaled to the wireless devices. If suchsignaling is not sent, then each wireless device may attempt to recovereach frame with both the common and unique long code masks. The F-CPCCHis used to send RL PC bits to the wireless devices. Each wireless devicetransmits a pilot and FL PC bits on the R-PICH and also transmits on theR-FCH when necessary. The F-DCCH is not used to send user-specificsignaling for this multicast scheme, and one or more Walsh functions aresaved relative to multicast scheme 1.

For forward link power control, the reverse power control subchannel onthe R-PICH may be partitioned into primary and secondary reverse powercontrol subchannels (e.g., 400 bps and 400 bps), which may be used tocontrol the transmit powers of the F-FCH and F-CPCCH. The base stationmay receive primary and secondary reverse power control subchannels fromall wireless devices receiving the multicast service. The base stationmay apply the OR-of-the-UP rule on the FL PC bits received on theprimary reverse power control subchannels from the wireless devices toadjust the transmit power used for the multicast data sent on the F-FCH.The base station may adjust the transmit power used for theuser-specific signaling sent on the F-FCH to each wireless device basedon the FL PC bits received from the wireless device on the secondarypower control subchannel.

A wireless device may concurrently receive multicast service frommultiple base stations for soft handoff. These base stations maytransmit multicast data to the wireless device via shared F-FCHs and maytransmit RL PC bits for the wireless device via F-CPCCHs. The wirelessdevice may measure the RL PC bits received on the F-CPCCHs from themultiple base stations, determine which base stations have sufficientreceived signal strength at the wireless device, generate FL PC bitsbased on the measured RL PC bits for all sufficiently received basestations, and send the FL PC bits on the secondary power controlsubchannel to the base stations. Each base station then adjusts thetransmit powers for the signaling on the F-FCH and the RL PC bits on theF-CPCCH for the wireless device based on the FL PC bits received on thesecondary power control subchannel from the wireless device. Thetransmit powers for the F-FCHs and F-CPCCHs for different base stationsmay thus be independently controlled by each base station.

3. Multicast Scheme 3: F-FCH & Dedicated F-DCCHs

Multicast scheme 3 provides multicast service using (1) for the forwardlink—a shared F-FCH for all wireless devices and a dedicated F-DCCH foreach wireless device and (2) for the reverse link—an R-PICH and anR-DCCH for each wireless device. The shared F-FCH is used to sendmulticast data to all wireless devices. The dedicated F-DCCH is used tosend user-specific signaling as well as RL PC bits to a specificwireless device. The F-DCCH may be configured to carry a forward powercontrol subchannel on the dedicated F-DCCH in similar manner as thatdescribed above for the F-FCH and shown in FIG. 3. The forward powercontrol subchannel may be used to send RL PC bits to the wirelessdevice. Each wireless device transmits a pilot and FL PC bits on theR-PICH and also transmits signaling on an R-DCCH when necessary. TheF-CPCCH and R-FCH are not used for this multicast scheme.

For forward link power control, the reverse power control subchannel onthe R-PICH may be partitioned into primary and secondary reverse powercontrol subchannels (e.g., 400 bps and 400 bps), which may be used tocontrol the transmit powers of the shared F-FCH and the dedicatedF-DCCH, respectively. The base station may receive FL PC bits on theprimary reverse power control subchannels from all wireless devices andmay apply the OR-of-the-UP rule on these FL PC bits to adjust thetransmit power for the shared F-FCH. The base station may receive FL PCbits on the secondary power control subchannel from each wireless deviceand may adjust the transmit power of the dedicated F-DCCH for thewireless device. The transmit power for the RL PC bits may be tied tothe transmit power for the signaling on the dedicated F-DCCH. Eachwireless device may estimate the received signal quality of the RL PCbits received on the dedicated F-DCCH, compare the received signalquality against an F-DCCH setpoint, and generate FL PC bits for thededicated F-DCCH accordingly. The F-DCCH setpoint may be adjusted basedon frame erasures on the dedicated F-DCCH. Since signaling may be sentintermittently on the dedicated F-DCCH, it may take an extended periodof time to adjust the setpoint for the dedicated F-DCCH downward basedon good frames. The setpoint for the dedicated F-DCCH may thus be afixed value or may be constrained to be within a range of values.

4. Multicast Scheme 4: F-SCH without Reverse Link

Multicast scheme 4 provides multicast service using an F-SCH and anF-CCCH. The F-SCH is used to send multicast data to the wireless devicesand may support variable rates (e.g., full, half, quarter, and eighthrates), similar to an F-FCH that supports voice without a reverse linkconnection. The F-CCCH is used to send user-specific signaling to thewireless devices. An overhead channel (e.g., a broadcast control channel(F-BCCH) or a paging channel) may be used to send configurationinformation for the F-SCH and F-CCCH, such as the rates used for theseforward link channels. Reverse link connections are not maintained forthe wireless devices for this multicast scheme. A wireless device mayobtain dynamic coverage for the multicast service by bringing up areverse link connection whenever the device moves into the coverage areaof another base station and sending the appropriate signaling via thereverse link connection. Since power control feedback is not availablewithout a reverse link connection, the F-SCH and F-CCCH may betransmitted at sufficient transmit power levels to ensure reliablereception even at the edge of the coverage area.

5. Multicast Scheme 5: F-FCH, F-PDCH, and F-CPCCH

Multicast scheme 5 provides multicast service using (1) a shared F-FCH,at least one F-PDCH, and at least one F-CPCCH for the forward link and(2) a Reverse Quality Indicator Channel (R-CQICH) and a ReverseAcknowledgment Channel (R-ACKCH) for each wireless device for thereverse link. The shared F-FCH is used to send multicast data to thewireless devices. Each F-PDCH may be used to send user-specificsignaling to individual wireless devices. One to 28 Walsh functions maybe used for each F-PDCH. Each wireless device may be assigned a uniqueWalsh function for one F-PDCH and would then receive its signaling withthat Walsh function on the F-PDCH. The F-CPCCH is used to send RL PCbits to the wireless devices.

Each wireless device may transmit FL PC bits on the R-CQICH and/or theR-ACKCH. Two reverse power control subchannels may be used to adjust thetransmit power of the F-FCH and the F-PDCH/F-CPCCH for the wirelessdevice. The wireless device may measure the reference PC bits sent onthe F-FCH, set the FL PC bits for the F-FCH accordingly based on themeasurements, and send the FL PC bits on the primary reverse powercontrol subchannel. The setpoint for the F-FCH may be fixed or adjustedbased on frame erasures for the F-FCH. The transmit power for the F-PDCHmay be fixed or adjusted based on FL PC bits on the secondary reversepower control subchannel.

Five exemplary multicast schemes for providing multicast service usingvarious combinations of forward and reverse link channels have beendescribed above. Multicast service may also be provided in other mannersbased on other multicast schemes and using different combinations offorward and reverse link channels.

A wireless device may receive multicast service in conjunction with adedicated call (e.g., a voice call). The wireless device may be assigneda dedicated F-FCH for the dedicated call. User-specific signaling forthe dedicated call may be sent on a dedicated F-DCCH, the shared F-DCCHused for the multicast service, or some other forward link channel. Awireless device may also be assigned a dedicated or shared F-SCH forhigher data rate. The reverse power control subchannel on the R-PICH maybe partitioned into three or more subchannels, one subchannel for eachforward link channel to be power controlled separately by the wirelessdevice.

6. System

FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of a base station 110 providing multicastservice and a wireless device 120 receiving the multicast service. Forthe forward link, at base station 110, an FL transmit (TX) dataprocessor 810 receives various types of data (e.g., multicast data,signaling, and RL PC bits), processes (e.g., encodes, interleaves,modulates, channelizes, and scrambles) the received data fortransmission on forward link channels (e.g., the F-FCH, F-DCCH, andF-CPCCH), and provides a stream of data chips. A transmitter unit (TMTR)812 conditions (e.g., converts to analog, amplifies, filters, andfrequency upconverts) the data chips to generate a forward link signal.The forward link signal is routed through a duplexer (D) 814 andtransmitted via an antenna 816. At wireless device 120, the forward linksignal is received by an antenna 852, routed through a duplexer 854, andprovided to a receiver unit (RCVR) 856. Receiver unit 856 conditions(e.g., filters, amplifies, frequency downconverts, and digitizes) thereceived signal to obtain data samples. An FL receive (RX) dataprocessor 860 processes (e.g., dechannelizes, data demodulates,descrambles, deinterleaves, and decodes) the data samples to obtaindecoded data for wireless device 120. The decoded data includes themulticast data sent on the F-FCH and the user-specific signaling sent onthe F-DCCH for wireless device 120. FL RX data processor 860 mayimplement a rake receiver that can process multiple signal instances.

For the reverse link, at wireless device 120, an RL TX data processor890 receives and processes various types of data (e.g., FL PC bits andreverse link signaling) for transmission on reverse link channels (e.g.,the R-PICH and R-FCH). A transmitter unit 892 then conditions a streamof data chips from RL TX data processor 890 to generate a reverse linksignal, which is routed through duplexer 854 and transmitted via antenna852. At base station 110, the reverse link signal is received by antenna816, routed through duplexer 814, and provided to a receiver unit 842.Receiver unit 842 conditions the received signal and provides a samplestream. An RL RX data processor 844 processes the sample stream andrecovers the FL PC bits and signaling sent by each wireless devicereceiving the multicast service.

Controllers 830 and 880 direct the operation of various units withinbase station 110 and wireless device 120, respectively. Controller 830and 880 may perform various functions for multicast service, powercontrol, soft handoff, and so on. Memory units 832 and 882 store dataand program codes used by controllers 830 and 880, respectively. Theprocessing by base station 110 and wireless device 120 for multicastscheme 1 is described below.

FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of a data processor 810 a for the F-FCH.Data processor 810 a is part of FL TX data processor 810 in FIG. 8.Within data processor 810 a, multicast data is encoded and interleavedby an encoder/interleaver 920, further scrambled with a common long codeby a scrambler 922, and scaled with a gain for the data portion of theF-FCH by a channel gain unit 924. A long code generator 930 generatesthe common long code for scrambler 922 based on the common long codemask for the F-FCH. Reference PC bits are scaled with a gain for thereference PC bits by a channel gain unit 934. The gains for themulticast data and reference PC bits are related and determined by thebit rates for the multicast data and PC bits. A multiplexer (Mux) 940receives the outputs from units 924 and 934 and punctures in the scaledreference PC bits onto the scaled multicast data at bit positionsindicated by a PC bit position extractor 932. An IQ demultiplexer(Demux) 942 demultiplexes the output of multiplexer 940 into inphase (I)and quadrature (Q) streams. A Walsh cover unit 944 covers the I and Qstreams with a Walsh function W_(f-fch) for the F-FCH.

FIG. 10 shows a block diagram of a data processor 810 b for the F-DCCH.Data processor 810 b is also part of FL TX data processor 810 in FIG. 8.Within data processor 810 b, a multiplexer 1010 receives signaling forusers a through s, who are receiving the multicast service, and providesthe signaling for one user at a time based on a TDM_Ctrl signal. Thesignaling for selected user x, where x∈{a . . . s}, is processed by anencoder/interleaver 1020, scrambled with a long code for user x by ascrambler 1022, scaled with a gain for user x by a channel gain unit1024, demultiplexed into I and Q streams by an IQ demultiplexer 1042,and covered with a Walsh function W_(f-dcch) for the F-DCCH by a Walshcover unit 1044. A long code generator 1030 generates the long code foruser x based on the unique long code mask for user x. The signaling foreach user is scrambled with a long code and scaled with a gain for thatuser.

FIG. 11 shows a block diagram of a data processor 810 c for the F-CPCCH.Data processor 810 c is also part of FL TX data processor 810 in FIG. 8.Within data processor 810 c, a multiplexer 1110 a receives RL PC bitsfor users a through m and a multiplexer 1110 b receives RL PC bits forusers n through s. Each multiplexer 1110 maps the RL PC bits for itsusers onto bit positions determined by a relative offset calculationunit 1132. Channel gain units 1112 a and 1112 b receive the RL PC bitsfrom multiplexers 1110 a and 1110 b, respectively. Each channel gainunit 1112 scales the RL PC bits for each user with a gain for that user.A Walsh cover unit 1144 covers the scaled RL PC bits from units 1112 aand 1112 b with a Walsh function W_(f-cpcch) for the F-CPCCH. A longcode generator 1130 generates the common long code based on the commonlong code mask. Unit 1132 determines the bit positions for the RL PCbits based on the common long code.

FIG. 12 shows a block diagram of a data processor 890 a for the R-PICHand R-FCH for user x. Data processor 890 a is part of RL TX dataprocessor 890 in FIG. 8. Within a data processor 1202 for the R-PICH, amultiplexer 1210 receives pilot data and FL PC bits for the primary andsecondary reverse power control subchannels. Multiplexer 1210multiplexes the pilot data and the FL PC bits on the R-PICH, as shown inFIGS. 4 and 5. A Walsh cover unit 1212 covers the output of multiplexer1210 with a Walsh function W_(r-pich) for the R-PICH. Within a dataprocessor 1204 for the R-FCH, reverse link data and signaling areprocessed by an encoder/interleaver 1220, covered with a Walsh functionW_(r-fch) for the R-FCH by a Walsh cover unit 1222, and scaled with again for user x by a channel gain unit 1224. A long code generator 1230generates the long code for user x based on the unique long code maskfor user x. A PN generator 1232 generates PNI and PNQ sequences based onthe long code for user x and the common IPN and QPN sequences used forall wireless devices. A complex multiplexer 1242 multiples the outputsof data processors 1202 and 1204 with the PNI and PNQ sequences andgenerates a stream of lout and Qout data chips, which is furtherprocessed by transmitter unit 892. The transmission on the R-PICH and/orthe R-FCH may be gated (e.g., to ½ or ¼) or disabled.

The dynamic shared forward link channel described herein may be used forvarious applications such as push-to-talk (PTT). In general, the dynamicshared forward link channel may be used to send any common traffic datato any group of wireless devices. The dynamic shared forward linkchannel may or may not be jointly power controlled.

The techniques for transmitting and receiving data on the dynamic sharedforward link channel may be implemented by various means, e.g., inhardware, software, or a combination thereof. For a hardwareimplementation, the processing units for data transmission may beimplemented within one or more application specific integrated circuits(ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processingdevices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmablegate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, micro-controllers,microprocessors, other electronic units designed to perform thefunctions described herein, or a combination thereof. The processingunits for data reception may also be implemented within one or moreASICs, DSPs, and so on.

For a software implementation, the processing for data transmission andreception may be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions,and so on) that perform the functions described herein. The softwarecodes may be stored in a memory unit (e.g., memory units 832 and 882 inFIG. 8) and executed by a processor (e.g., controllers 830 and 880). Thememory unit may be implemented within the processor or external to theprocessor, in which case it can be communicatively coupled to theprocessor via various means as is known in the art.

Headings are included herein for reference and to aid in locatingcertain sections. These headings are not intended to limit the scope ofthe concepts described therein under, and these concepts may haveapplicability in other sections throughout the entire specification.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided toenable any person skilled in the art to make or use the presentinvention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readilyapparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles definedherein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from thespirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is notintended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to beaccorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novelfeatures disclosed herein.

1. A method of transmitting data to a plurality of wireless devices in awireless communication system, comprising: transmitting traffic data tothe plurality of wireless devices via a shared data channel;transmitting user-specific signaling to each of the plurality ofwireless devices via a shared control channel used for the plurality ofwireless devices or a dedicated control channel used for the wirelessdevice, wherein the traffic data and the user-specific signaling are fora multicast service; and transmitting reference bits on the shared datachannel, the reference bits having a known value and a fixed offsettransmit power level different than the traffic data and being used forsignal quality estimation of the shared data channel.
 2. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising: transmitting power control information toeach of the plurality of wireless devices via a shared indicator channelused for the plurality of wireless devices or the dedicated controlchannel used for the wireless device.
 3. The method of claim 2, whereinthe shared data channel is a forward fundamental channel (F-FCH), theshared control channel is a forward dedicated control channel (F-DCCH),and the shared indicator channel is a forward common power controlchannel (F-CPCCH) in IS-2000.
 4. The method of claim 2, wherein theshared data channel is a forward fundamental channel (F-FCH), the sharedcontrol channel is also the F-FCH, and the shared indicator channel is aforward common power control channel (F-CPCCH) in IS-2000.
 5. The methodof claim 2, wherein the shared data channel is a forward fundamcntalchannel (F-FCH) and the dedicated control channel is a forward dedicatedcontrol channel (F-DCCH) in IS-2000.
 6. The method of claim 2, whereinthe shared data channel is a forward supplemental channel (F-SCH) andthe shared control channel is a forward common control channel (F-CCCH)in IS-2000.
 7. The method of claim 2, wherein the shared data channel isa forward fundamental channel (F-FCH), the shared control channel is aforward packet data channel (F-PDCH), and the shared indicator channelis a forward common power control channel (F-CPCCH) in IS-2000.
 8. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising: maintaining a reverse linkconnection for each of the plurality of wireless devices.
 9. A method oftransmitting data to a plurality of wireless devices in a wirelesscommunication system, comprising: transmitting traffic data to theplurality of wireless devices via a forward fundamental channel (F-FCH);transmitting user-specific signaling to each of the plurality ofwireless devices via a forward dedicated control channel (F-DCCH); andtransmitting reference power control (PC) bits on the F-FCH, thereference PC bits having a known value and a fixed offset transmit powerlevel different than the traffic data and being used for signal qualityestimation of the F-FCH.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein theuser-specific signaling for the plurality of wireless devices aretransmitted on the F-DCCH using time division multiplexing (TDM). 11.The method of claim 9, further comprising: scrambling the traffic datafor the F-FCH with a long code generated using a common long code maskfor the F-FCH.
 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising: scramblingthe user-specific signaling for each wireless device with a long codegenerated using a unique long code mask for the wireless device.
 13. Themethod of claim 9, further comprising: transmitting reverse link (RL) PCinformation to each of the plurality of wireless devices via a forwardcommon power control channel (F-CPCCH).
 14. The method of claim 13,wherein the RL PC information for each wireless device is sent on arespective forward power control subchannel assigned to the wirelessdevice, and wherein a plurality of forward power control subchannels forthe plurality of wireless devices are time division multiplexed on theF-CPCCH.
 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising: multiplexingthe RL PC information for the plurality of wireless devices onto theF-CPCCH based on a long code generated using a common long code mask.16. The method of claim 13, further comprising: receiving forward link(FL) PC bits for the F-DCCH from each of the plurality of wirelessdevices; and adjusting transmit power of the RL PC bits sent on theF-CPCCH to each wireless device based on the FL PC bits received fromthe wireless device for the F-DCCH.
 17. The method of claim 9, furthercomprising: receiving forward link (FL) PC bits for the F-FCH from theplurality of wireless devices; and adjusting transmit power of the F-FCHbased on the FL PC bits received for the F-FCH.
 18. The method of claim17, wherein the FL PC bits for the F-FCH are generated by each wirelessdevice based on the reference PC bits transmitted on the F-FCH.
 19. Themethod of claim 17, further comprising: determining a PC decision foreach time interval based on FL PC bits received from the plurality ofwireless devices for the time interval and using an OR-of-the-UP rule,and wherein the transmit power of the F-FCH is adjusted based on the PCdecision.
 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising: disablingadjustment of the transmit power for the F-FCH if a predetermined numberof wireless devices or more are receiving the traffic data on the F-FCH.21. The method of claim 9, further comprising: receiving forward link(FL) PC bits for the F-DCCH from each of the plurality of wirelessdevices; and adjusting transmit power of the user-specific signalingsent on the F-DCCH to each wireless device based on the FL PC bitsreceived from the wireless device for the F-DCCH.
 22. The method ofclaim 9, wherein the traffic data is sent to each of the plurality ofwireless devices as the wireless device moves about the system.
 23. Themethod of claim 9, further comprising: receiving pilot and forward link(FL) PC information from each of the plurality of wireless devices via areverse pilot channel (R-PICH).
 24. The method of claim 9, furthercomprising: receiving reverse link signaling from a wireless device viaa reverse fundamental channel (R-FCH).
 25. An apparatus in a wirelesscommunication system, comprising: a first data processor operative toprocess traffic data for transmission on a forward fundamental channel(F-FCH) to a plurality of wireless devices and to process referencepower control (PC) bits for transmission on the F-FCH, the reference PCbits having a known value and a fixed offset transmit power leveldifferent than the traffic data and being used for signal qualityestimation of the F-FCH; and a second data processor operative toprocess user-specific signaling for each of the plurality of wirelessdevices for transmission on a forward dedicated control channel(F-DCCH).
 26. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising: a thirddata processor operative to process reverse link (RL) PC information foreach of the plurality of wireless devices for transmission on a forwardcommon power control channel (F-CPCCH).
 27. The apparatus of claim 25,wherein the first data processor is operative to scramble the trafficdata for the F-FCH with a long code generated using a common long codemask for the F-FCH.
 28. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the seconddata processor is operative to scramble the user-specific signaling foreach wireless device with a long code generated using a unique long codemask for the wireless device.
 29. The apparatus of claim 25, furthercomprising: a controller operative to receive forward link (FL) PC bitsfor the F-FCH from the plurality of wireless devices and to adjusttransmit power of the F-FCH based on the FL PC bits received for theF-FCH.
 30. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising: a controlleroperative to receive forward link (FL) PC bits for the F-DCCH from eachof the plurality of wireless devices and to adjust transmit power of theuser-specific signaling sent on the F-DCCH to each wireless device basedon the FL PC bits received from the wireless device for the F-DCCH. 31.An apparatus in a wireless communication system, comprising: means fortransmitting traffic data to a plurality of wireless devices via aforward fundamental channel (F-FCH); means for transmittinguser-specific signaling to each of the plurality of wireless devices viaa forward dedicated control channel (F-DCCH); and means for transmittingreference power control (PC) bits on the F-FCH, the reference PC bitshaving a known value and a fixed offset transmit power level differentthan the traffic data and being used for signal quality estimation ofthe F-FCH.
 32. The apparatus of claim 31, further comprising: means forscrambling the traffic data for the F-FCH with a long code generatedusing a common long code mask for the F-FCH.
 33. The apparatus of claim31, further comprising: means for scrambling the user-specific signalingfor each wireless device with a long code generated using a unique longcode mask for the wireless device.
 34. The apparatus of claim 31,further comprising: means for receiving forward link (FL) PC bits forthe F-FCH from the plurality of wireless devices; and means foradjusting transmit power of the F-FCH based on the FL PC bits receivedfor the F-FCH.
 35. The apparatus of claim 31, further comprising: meansfor receiving forward link (FL) PC bits for the F-DCCH from each of theplurality of wireless devices; and means for adjusting transmit power ofthe user-specific signaling sent on the F-DCCH to each wireless devicebased on the FL PC bits received from the wireless device for theF-DCCH.
 36. A method of receiving data in a wireless communicationsystem, comprising: receiving traffic data via a shared data channelsent to a plurality of wireless devices; receiving user-specificsignaling via a shared control channel or a dedicated control channel,wherein the traffic data and the user-specific signaling are for amulticast service; and receiving reference bits on the shared datachannel, the reference bits having a known value and a fixed offsettransmit power level different than the traffic data and being used toestimate received signal quality of the shared data channel.
 37. Themethod of claim 36, further comprising: receiving power controlinformation via a shared indicator channel or the dedicated controlchannel; and adjusting transmit power of a transmission sent on areverse link based on the power control information.
 38. A method ofreceiving data at a wireless device in a wireless communication system,comprising: receiving traffic data via a forward fundamental channel(F-FCH); receiving user-specific signaling for the wireless device via aforward dedicated control channel (F-DCCH); and receiving referencepower control (PC) bits on the F-FCH, the reference PC bits having aknown value and a fixed offset transmit power level different than thetraffic data and being used for signal quality estimation of the F-FCH.39. The method of claim 38, further comprising: descrambling the trafficdata with a long code generated using a common long code mask for theF-FCH.
 40. The method of claim 38, further comprising: descrambling theuser-specific signaling for the wireless device with a long codegenerated using a unique long code mask for the wireless device.
 41. Themethod of claim 38, further comprising: receiving reverse link (RL) PCinformation for the wireless device via a forward common power controlchannel (F-CPCCH).
 42. The method of claim 41, further comprising:demultiplexing the RL PC information for the wireless device from theF-CPCCH based on a long code generated using a common long code mask.43. The method of claim 41, wherein received signal quality of theF-DCCH is estimated based on the RL PC information for the wirelessdevice received via the F-CPCCH.
 44. The method of claim 38, furthercomprising: estimating received signal quality of the F-FCH based on thereference PC bits received on the F-FCH; generating forward link (FL) PCbits for the F-FCH based on the estimated received signal quality of theF-FCH; and transmitting the FL PC bits for the F-FCH via a reverse pilotchannel (R-PICH).
 45. The method of claim 44, wherein the generating theFL PC bits for the F-FCH comprises: comparing the estimated receivedsignal quality of the F-FCH for each time interval against a setpointfor the F-FCH, and generating an FL PC bit for the F-FCH for the timeinterval based on result of the comparison.
 46. The method of claim 38,further comprising: estimating received signal quality of the F-DCCH;generating FL PC bits for the F-DCCH based on the estimated receivedsignal quality of the F-DCCH; and transmitting the FL PC bits for theF-DCCH via a reverse pilot channel (R-PICH).
 47. The method of claim 46,wherein the generating the FL PC bits for the F-DCCH comprises:comparing the estimated received signal quality of the F-DCCH for eachtime interval against a setpoint for the F-DCCH, and generating an FL PCbit for the F-DCCH for the time interval based on result of thecomparison.
 48. The method of claim 46, wherein the generating the FL PCbits for the F-DCCH further comprises: adjusting the setpoint for theF-DCCH based on the user-specific signaling received on the F-DCCH. 49.The method of claim 38, wherein the traffic data is received via theF-FCH from multiple sectors served by at least one base station and theuser-specific signal is received via the F-DCCH from the multiplesectors.
 50. The method of claim 38, further comprising: transmitting apilot and forward link (FL) PC information via a reverse pilot channel(R-PICH).
 51. The method of claim 50, further comprising: adjustingtransmit power for the R-PICH based on reverse link (RL) PC informationreceived for the wireless device.
 52. The method of claim 38, furthercomprising: transmitting reverse link signaling via a reversefundamental channel (R-FCH).
 53. The method of claim 52, wherein thereverse fundamental channel (R-FCH) is inactive unless there is reverselink signaling to transmit.
 54. An apparatus for a wireless device in awireless communication system, comprising: a receive data processoroperative to perform processing for a forward fundamental channel(F-FCH) to receive traffic data sent on the F-FCH; perform processingfor a forward dedicated control channel (F-DCCH) to receiveuser-specific signaling sent on the F-DCCH to the wireless device, andperform processing for the F-FCH to receive reference power control (PC)bits sent on the F-FCI-I, the reference PC bits having a known value anda fixed offset transmit power level different than the traffic data andbeing used for signal quality estimation of the F-FCH.
 55. The apparatusof claim 54, wherein the data processor is further operative to performdescrambling for the traffic data with a long code generated using acommon long code mask for the F-FCH.
 56. The apparatus of claim 54,wherein the data processor is further operative to perform descramblingfor the user-specific signaling for the wireless device with a long codegenerated using a unique long code mask for the wireless device.
 57. Theapparatus of claim 54, further comprising: a controller operative toestimate received signal quality of the F-FCH based on the reference PCbits received on the F-FCH and to generate forward link (FL) PC bits forthe F-FCH based on the estimated received signal quality of the F-FCH;and a transmit data processor operative to process the FL PC bits forthe F-FCH for transmission on a reverse pilot channel (R-PICH).
 58. Theapparatus of claim 54, further comprising: a controller operative toestimate received signal quality of the F-DCCH and to generate FL PCbits for the F-DCCH based on the estimated received signal quality ofthe F-DCCH; and a transmit data processor operative to process the FL PCbits for the F-DCCH for transmission on a reverse pilot channel(R-PICH).
 59. An apparatus in a wireless communication system,comprising: means for receiving traffic data via a forward fundamentalchannel (F-FCH); means for receiving user-specific signaling for awireless device via a forward dedicated control channel (F-DCCH); andmeans for receiving reference power control (PC) bits on the F-FCH, thereference PC bits having a known value and a fixed offset transmit powerlevel different than the traffic data and being used for signal qualityestimation of the F-FCH.
 60. The apparatus of claim 59, furthercomprising: means for descrambling the traffic data with a long codegenerated using a common long code mask for the F-FCH.
 61. The apparatusof claim 59, further comprising: means for descrambling theuser-specific signaling for the wireless device with a long codegenerated using a unique long code mask for the wireless device.
 62. Theapparatus of claim 59, further comprising: means for estimating receivedsignal quality of the F-PCH based on the reference PC bits received onthe F-FCH; means for generating forward link (FL) PC bits for the F-FCHbased on the estimated received signal quality of the FFCH; and meansfor transmitting the FL PC bits for the F-FCH via a reverse pilotchannel (R-PICH).
 63. The apparatus of claim 59, further comprising:means for estimating received signal quality of the F-DCCH; means forgenerating FL PC bits for the F-DCCH based on the estimated receivedsignal quality of the F-DCCH; and means for transmitting the FL PC bitsfor the F-DCCH via a reverse pilot channel (R-PICH).
 64. Acomputer-readable storage medium having executable instructions encodedthereon which, when executed, perform a method of transmitting data to aplurality of wireless devices in a wireless communication system, themethod comprising: transmitting traffic data to the plurality ofwireless devices via a shared data channel; transmitting user-specificsignaling to each of the plurality of wireless devices via a sharedcontrol channel used for the plurality of wireless devices or adedicated control channel used for the wireless device, wherein thetraffic data and the user-specific signaling are for a multicastservice; and transmitting reference bits on the shared data channel, thereference bits having a known value and a fixed offset transmit powerlevel different than the traffic data and being used for signal qualityestimation of the shared data channel.
 65. A computer-readable storagemedium having executable instructions encoded thereon which, whenexecuted, perform a method of receiving data in a wireless communicationsystem, the method comprising: receiving traffic data via a shared datachannel sent to a plurality of wireless devices; receiving user-specificsignaling via a shared control channel or a dedicated control channel,wherein the traffic data and the user-specific signaling are for amulticast service; and receiving reference bits on the shared datachannel, the reference bits having a known value and a fixed offsettransmit power level different than the traffic data and being used toestimate received signal quality of the shared data channel.